Augustus Caesar

Augustus’ career was not typical in a state which expected
its leaders to be both aristocratic and mature in years. His father
had risen from relative obscurity to marry a niece of Julius
Caesar; on Caesar’s assassination in 44 BC, their son, who was
one of Caesar’s few legitimate male relatives, burst upon the
scene at the age of only 18, expecting a supremacy for which
most who were socially his betters would have had to wait
until the age of 42 or so. Such impetuosity might have proved
fatal, but Octavian (as he was then known) displayed a
consummate ability to utilise people’s services, to play men off
against each other, and to maintain a convincing selfrighteousness
in the most unpromising of situations. Such were
the ingredients of charisma in a man who from his earliest
years proved himself to be a mature demagogue and a deft
manipulator of opinion.
Still more remarkable was the fact that, having achieved
supremacy by his defeat of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium in
31 BC, Augustus proceeded to provide the Roman state with a
form of permanent governmental supervision

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