The first single-volume reference work on the history and culture of medieval France, this information-filled Encyclopedia of over 2,400 entries covers the political, intellectual, literary, and musical history of the country from the early fifth century to the late 15th. The shorter entries offer succinct summaries of the lives of individuals, events, works, cities, monuments, and other important subjects, followed by essential bibliographies. Longer essay-length articles provide interpretive comments about significant institutions and important periods or events. The Encyclopedia is thoroughly cross-referenced and includes a generous selection of illustrations, maps, charts, and genealogies

"In Macmillan's four-volume Mathematics encyclopedia, users will learn about the function of mathematics in everyday life as well as its role as a tool for measurement, data analysis, and technological development. Interdisciplinary in scope, the encyclopedia provides students with a clear and comprehensive introduction to this vast topic through nearly 300 entries that were commissioned especially for the set. The goal of the encyclopedia is to make mathematics and its basic disciplines—such as algebra, geometry, and trigonometry—more accessible and interesting to students and general users.

The Companion Encyclopedia of Geography provides an authoritative and provocative source of reference for all those concerned with the earth and its people. This Companion examines both physical and human geography, and the relationship between the two. An international team of forty-seven geographers, all recognized figures in their discipline, chart the development of humankind's diverse habitat and the social and economic activities within that habitat up to the present day, and look to the future.

The Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning is an authoritative handbook dealing with all aspects of this increasingly important field of study. It has been produced specifically for language teaching professionals, but can also be used as a reference work for academic studies at postgraduate level.

Through violent incursions by the Vikings and the spread of Christianity, medieval Ireland maintained a distinctive Gaelic identity. From the sacred site of Tara to the manuscript illuminations in the Book of Kells, Anglo-Irish relations to the Connachta dynasty, Ireland during the middle ages was a rich and vivid culture.